Written By Avila Chidume
We have all heard about the metaphorical glass ceiling, used to describe the social barriers preventing women accessing higher management roles. But rarely is the concrete ceiling discussed, this is the barrier Black women face throughout their careers.
Today we will be examining the major barriers Black women experience in a multitude of career paths, whether the women are cleaners, or executives. Specifically we will be examining the notorious pay gap and how this disproportionately impacts Black women.
Overqualified, Overworked and Underappreciated
“It’s no surprise that so many Black women are struggling with the cost of living crisis when many earn a fifth less than men,” – Anneliese Dodds MP, Shadow Secretary of State for Women and Equalities
For over a decade, reports have been published highlighting the shocking truth regarding Black graduates who are working in roles in which they are overqualified for and have more than enough qualifications and experience to access higher paying roles. Additionally, hostile migration policies are impacting on Black African graduates specifically, with many earning 12% less for the same job. The repercussions of which impact Black women regardless of background.
This is true across all sectors, including higher education but when we explore this intersection of gender and ethnicity, the statistics are even bleaker for Black women. Out of 23,000 professors in the UK, there are only 66 Black women working across over 160 universities. There are organisations working to improve this number, such as ‘100 Black Women Professors Now’, who work to increase the number of Black women in the academic pipeline.
Make no mistake, Black talent continues to be in abundance as more and more Black people, particularly those from African backgrounds, pursue higher education to advance in their careers. Ethnically/racially minoritised children, despite the systemic barriers faced from racism, poor social mobility, cultural barriers and lack of social capital continue to excel within their education. However, large discrepancies remain where Black Caribbeans, particularly boys, continue to underachieve academically. This further highlights the requirement to provide additional support and resources to schools with high numbers of underperforming students.
There is evidence that Black and other minority ethnic groups are more likely to be overqualified than their white counterparts. Over 40% of all Black African employees with A-level and graduate-level qualifications are overqualified for their current jobs. The lack of recognition and support, fueled by institutional racism, is where the issues come to light. White colleagues doing the same work are more likely to be promoted into higher paying and better advancing roles.
The women who work hard to break the proverbial glass ceiling, which white women struggle with, are then faced with the ‘concrete ceiling’ – an almost impenetrable barrier which requires exceptional skill and force to break through, if they are not afforded the necessary social capital required to excel. With over 56% of Black women stating their workloads were unequally greater than their peers, and many feeling pressured to resign due to racial inequalities – it’s no wonder few are in senior positions.
Those who do make it into senior roles, their journeys do not get easier. It has been reported that 50% of Black Women in senior positions have resigned due to racism.
Lack of social capital, such as access to funding or network opportunities, and a lack of transparency in promotion opportunities are the most prevalent barriers.
“Black women continue to be strong, resilient and courageous, despite the fact that we are the most oppressed group in any society we live in” – Stella Dadzie
Exceptional Black Women:
Below we have highlighted exceptional Black women, who despite the cards stacked against them have excelled in their fields and paved the way for generations of Black women to come.
The Political Sphere:
Diane Abbott’s journey is marked by historic milestones and extraordinary achievements. In 1987, she shattered barriers by becoming the first Black woman elected to Parliament, a groundbreaking moment that resonates to this day.
Her legacy is defined by a series of remarkable firsts: as the inaugural Black woman MP, as the first Black MP to stand at the PMQs despatch box, and notably, as the sole Black individual from a state-funded school to attend Cambridge University during the 1970s—an accomplishment emblematic of her resilience and determination.
With nearly 35 years of dedicated service in Parliament, Abbott commands deep respect and admiration from her constituents, who have embraced her as a cherished representative.
Yet, Abbott’s journey has not been without challenges. As a Black woman in the public eye, she has bravely confronted and spoken out against the discrimination and abuse she has endured, becoming a vocal advocate for racial equality and justice.
Her commitment extends beyond rhetoric; Abbott has actively championed initiatives to empower Black women in business and to address the systemic barriers faced by Black children in education.
In Parliament, she has consistently stood on the side of justice and fairness, voting against policies that perpetuate inequality and harm. From opposing tuition fees and nuclear weapons to challenging the Government’s immigration policies, Abbott’s principled stance reflects her unwavering commitment to social justice.
Moreover, her advocacy spans a diverse range of issues, from championing LGBTQ+ rights and advocating for youth employment, to pushing for measures to combat climate change.
In Abbott’s own words, “The idea that you can be a voice for the voiceless is still very important”—a sentiment that encapsulates her enduring dedication to fighting for those whose voices are often silenced or ignored.
The Educational Sector:
It has been widely acknowledged that Olivette Otele FRHistS FLSW doesn’t merely chronicle history; she actively shapes it. In 2018, she achieved a groundbreaking milestone by becoming the first Black woman in the United Kingdom to attain the prestigious title of Professor of History, setting a new standard for inclusion in academia.
Renowned for her world-class research and insightful writing on Black history, Otele has been appointed as an inaugural Professor of the History of Slavery, a testament to her expertise and dedication to shedding light on often overlooked aspects of the UK’s collective past.
Her collaboration with Bristol University to delve into the city’s historical ties to the transatlantic slave trade underscored her commitment to confronting uncomfortable truths and fostering meaningful dialogue about the UK’s history.
She also has esteemed ranks at SOAS University of London as a Distinguished Research Professor specialising in the Legacies and Memory of Slavery. Otele continues to pave the way for women in academia, inspiring future generations to pursue their academic aspirations with confidence and determination.
The Music Industry:
Celebrated as one of the most inspirational figures among Black British women, Dr. Shirley Thompson’s contributions to music and culture are unparalleled. In 2004, she etched her name in history as the first woman in Europe to both conduct and compose a symphony in over four decades. Her masterpiece, “New Nation Rising,” not only commemorated London’s rich history but also served as a poignant tribute during the Queen’s Golden Jubilee in 2002.
Beyond the concert hall, Thompson’s compositions have found their way into the fabric of various art forms, enriching films, television productions, dance performances, and stage productions alike.
Consistently recognised for her impact, Thompson has been a fixture on the Evening Standard’s Power List of Britain’s Top 100 Most Influential Black People for an impressive seven consecutive years, which is a testament to her enduring influence and legacy in the realm of music and beyond.
Entrepreneur:
Pat McGrath stands as an unparalleled force in the world of makeup, earning accolades and recognition from industry giants like Vogue and esteemed commentators who deem her the most influential makeup artist globally.
In 2021, she made history as the first-ever makeup artist to be appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the New Year Honours: a prestigious distinction acknowledging her exceptional contributions to the fashion and beauty realms.
McGrath’s artistry has graced the faces of some of the most influential Black female icons global, including Rihanna and Beyoncé, cementing her status as a visionary collaborator and trendsetter.
Her impact extends far beyond the beauty industry, earning her a well-deserved spot on Time magazine’s list of the 100 Most Influential People in 2019.
In 2015, McGrath made waves with the launch of Pat McGrath Labs, her own line of beauty products, which swiftly ascended to a billion-dollar company by 2019-a testament to her entrepreneurial prowess and creative genius.
Consistently ranked among the top influencers in the Powerlist, McGrath continues to break barriers and inspire others with her trailblazing career.
Her mantra, “It will be a problem for you if you don’t love what you do. So make sure!” encapsulates her unwavering passion and dedication to her craft, serving as a guiding light for aspiring artists worldwide.
The Arts:
In the realm of Art, we shine a spotlight on Rayvenn Shaleigha D’Clark, honoured on the prestigious Forbes 30 Under 30 List for 2024. Based in London, she stands out as a writer, curator and sculptor, making waves with her powerful creations. Notably, she has secured one of the largest sculpture commissions ever awarded to a woman under 30.
D’Clark’s art is deeply rooted in politics, as she skillfully reframes and readdresses the narrative of transatlantic slavery and Black history. Her work serves as a poignant commentary on societal issues, challenging established norms and perceptions.
Her art has graced the halls of esteemed institutions such as the Royal College of Arts, Victoria & Albert Museum, and Saatchi Gallery, garnering critical acclaim and admiration from audiences worldwide.
In her own words, D’Clark articulates, “My work is a visual representation of individuals who share my experiences, individuals often overlooked in the dominant narrative.”
Absolutely, the resilience and achievements of Black women in the face of systemic barriers are truly remarkable. Despite often being overqualified, overworked, and underpaid, many persist and excel in their fields, showcasing incredible talent and determination. Just imagine the possibilities if these barriers were dismantled and Black women were collectively given equal opportunities to rise and thrive. The potential for innovation, creativity, and progress would be boundless! It’s imperative that we recognise and remove/counter the obstacles that hinder their advancement, and actively work towards creating a more equitable and inclusive society where all individuals, regardless of ethnicity/race or gender, can reach their full potential.
“This idea that we all have the same life is false. Race, Class, and Gender come together to shape the life chance of people in very different ways” – Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw
BLAM UK CIC 